1. Introduction

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Why do we need Spinning Reserve?

1.3. Outages and Contingencies of power stations

1.4. Provision of Spinnng Reserve by Renewables

1.5. Spinning and non-Spinning Reserves

1.6. The total Spinning Reserve requirement.

1΄7. Limits on Spinning Reserve

1.8. The N-1 Generator Contingency Requirement

1.9. Credible Contingencies

2. Implementation

2.1. Modelling in Python

2.2. Modelling in GAMS

2.3. Sensitivity analysis

3. Conclusions

3.1. Overview