1. Introduction:

1.1. The context

1.2. The three types of energy units

1.3. The structure of the vertically integrated utility

2. Modelling

2.1. The mathematical formulation

2.2. Python implementation: input data

2.3. Python implementation: model and solution

2.4. Python implementation: solution analysis

2.5. GAMS modelling

3. Conclusions

3.1. Conclusions

3.2. Summary of an important publication